Turning A Combo Amp Into A Head - The Ultimate Conversion Guide

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Turning a combo amplifier into a head can be a rewarding project for guitarists and bassists looking to customize their sound and rig. A combo amp combines the amplifier and speaker into a single unit, while a head is a standalone amplifier that requires an external speaker cabinet. Converting a combo amp to a head offers several advantages, including increased versatility, portability, and the ability to experiment with different speaker configurations. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process, covering everything from the benefits of the conversion to the step-by-step instructions and essential safety precautions.

Why Convert a Combo Amp to a Head?

There are several compelling reasons why a musician might choose to convert a combo amp into a head. Flexibility in sound, portability and customization are some of the top benefits that drive this decision. Let's delve into these advantages:

Enhanced Portability

One of the most significant advantages of converting a combo amp to a head is the improved portability. Combo amps, while convenient, can be bulky and heavy, making them challenging to transport to gigs, rehearsals, or recording sessions. By separating the amplifier from the speaker cabinet, you create two lighter and more manageable components. This makes it easier to carry your amp in multiple trips and protects your amp from damage during transit. Imagine navigating a crowded venue with a hefty combo amp versus carrying a compact head in one hand and a speaker cabinet in the other – the difference in convenience is substantial. This increased portability is especially beneficial for gigging musicians who frequently transport their gear.

Increased Versatility

Converting to a head opens up a world of sonic possibilities. With a head, you are no longer limited to the built-in speaker of your combo amp. You can experiment with different speaker cabinets to achieve a variety of tones. Different speakers have different sonic characteristics; some offer a tight, punchy low-end, while others provide a bright, sparkling high-end. By swapping cabinets, you can tailor your sound to suit different musical styles and playing situations. This versatility is invaluable for musicians who play in diverse genres or who simply want to explore the full potential of their amplifier. Additionally, having a separate head and cabinet allows you to mix and match equipment, creating a rig that perfectly fits your sonic preferences.

Customization and Upgradability

Converting a combo amp to a head provides greater flexibility for customization and upgrades. If you're not satisfied with the sound of your combo amp's speaker, you're essentially stuck with it unless you replace the entire unit. However, with a head, you can easily upgrade or swap out speaker cabinets as your needs and tastes evolve. This modular approach allows you to invest in high-quality components gradually, without having to replace your entire amplifier. For instance, you might start with a basic cabinet and then upgrade to a premium cabinet with higher-quality speakers as your budget allows. Furthermore, if your amplifier requires repairs or modifications, it's much easier to work on a standalone head unit than a combo amp where all the components are integrated. This makes maintenance and upgrades more straightforward and cost-effective in the long run.

Space Optimization

For musicians with limited space in their home studio or practice room, separating the amp and speaker can be a practical solution. A combo amp can take up a significant amount of floor space, whereas a head can be placed on a shelf or rack, freeing up valuable room. This is particularly advantageous for apartment dwellers or anyone with a small dedicated music space. By converting to a head, you can optimize your setup and create a more streamlined and organized environment. This can lead to a more enjoyable and productive practice and recording experience.

Protecting Your Amplifier

In a combo amp, the amplifier chassis is directly mounted within the speaker cabinet, exposing it to vibrations and potential damage from the speaker's movement. By separating the amp into its own head unit, you isolate it from these vibrations, potentially extending its lifespan and maintaining its performance. The head enclosure provides additional protection against physical damage, such as bumps and scrapes, which can occur during transport or storage. This added protection is a significant benefit for musicians who value the longevity and reliability of their equipment.

Essential Tools and Materials

Before you begin the conversion process, it's crucial to gather the necessary tools and materials. Having everything on hand will ensure a smooth and efficient project. This section outlines the essential items you'll need:

Safety First: Protective Gear

Safety must be your top priority when working with electronics. Amplifiers contain potentially dangerous voltages, even when unplugged. Always take the following precautions:

  • Safety Glasses: Protect your eyes from dust, debris, and accidental splashes.
  • Insulated Gloves: These will protect you from electrical shock. Make sure they are rated for the voltages you might encounter.

Essential Tools

  • Screwdrivers: You'll need a variety of Phillips-head and flat-head screwdrivers to remove and reassemble the amp chassis.
  • Wire Cutters/Strippers: These are essential for cutting and stripping wires to the correct lengths for connections.
  • Soldering Iron and Solder: Soldering is a crucial part of the process, ensuring secure and reliable electrical connections. A temperature-controlled soldering iron is recommended for precision.
  • Multimeter: A multimeter is indispensable for checking voltages, continuity, and resistance. It helps you identify potential problems and ensure correct wiring.
  • Drill with Drill Bits: You'll need a drill to create mounting holes for the head cabinet and any necessary wiring pass-throughs.
  • Measuring Tape/Ruler: Accurate measurements are critical for a professional-looking conversion. A measuring tape or ruler will help you ensure proper alignment and fit.
  • Pencil or Marker: For marking cut lines and drilling locations.

Necessary Materials

  • Head Cabinet: This is the housing for your newly converted amp head. You can purchase pre-made cabinets or build one yourself. Ensure the cabinet is appropriately sized for your amplifier chassis.
  • Speaker Output Jack(s): You'll need speaker output jacks to connect the head to a speaker cabinet. Choose jacks that match the impedance of your amplifier and speakers.
  • Wiring: High-quality, appropriately sized gauge wire is essential for making reliable connections. Use shielded wire for signal paths to minimize noise.
  • Terminal Strips/Blocks: These provide a convenient and organized way to connect wires, making the wiring process cleaner and easier.
  • Heat Shrink Tubing: Heat shrink tubing provides insulation and protection for soldered connections, preventing shorts and ensuring long-term reliability.
  • Screws and Fasteners: You'll need screws and fasteners to mount the chassis in the head cabinet and secure other components.
  • Power Cord and Plug (if needed): If your combo amp's power cord is integrated into the chassis, you may need to purchase a new power cord and plug for the head.
  • Wood Glue (if building your own cabinet): If you're building your own head cabinet, wood glue is essential for creating strong and durable joints.
  • Finishing Materials (if building your own cabinet): If you're building your own cabinet, you may want to use finishing materials like paint, stain, or tolex to give it a professional look.

Step-by-Step Conversion Process

Converting a combo amp to a head requires careful planning and execution. This step-by-step guide will walk you through the process, ensuring you achieve a successful and professional result:

1. Preparation and Safety Precautions

  • Unplug the Amplifier: This is the most crucial step. Ensure the amplifier is completely disconnected from the power source to prevent electrical shock.
  • Discharge Capacitors (If Necessary): Amplifiers, especially tube amps, contain capacitors that can store high voltages even after the amp is unplugged. If you're not experienced with electronics, it's best to consult a qualified technician to discharge these capacitors safely. This involves using a resistor to bleed off the stored voltage.
  • Workspace Setup: Set up a clean, well-lit workspace. This will make the process easier and safer.
  • Gather Tools and Materials: Ensure you have all the necessary tools and materials within easy reach.
  • Review the Amplifier's Schematic (If Available): If you can obtain a schematic for your amplifier, it will be invaluable for understanding the wiring and component layout.

2. Removing the Chassis

  • Locate and Remove Screws: Identify the screws that secure the amplifier chassis to the combo amp cabinet. These are typically located on the top, sides, or back of the cabinet.
  • Carefully Slide Out the Chassis: Once the screws are removed, carefully slide the chassis out of the cabinet. Be mindful of any wires or components that might snag.
  • Inspect the Chassis: Once the chassis is out, inspect it for any signs of damage or wear. Note the location of the speaker output wires and any other connections you'll need to replicate in the head cabinet.

3. Preparing the Head Cabinet

  • Measure the Chassis: Accurately measure the dimensions of the amplifier chassis. This will ensure it fits properly in the head cabinet.
  • Mounting Holes: Mark and drill mounting holes in the head cabinet to align with the mounting points on the chassis. Use the appropriate drill bit size for your screws.
  • Speaker Output Jack Hole(s): Drill holes for the speaker output jack(s) on the back of the head cabinet. Consider the impedance of your amplifier and speaker cabinets when choosing the number and type of jacks.
  • Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation in the head cabinet to prevent overheating. Drill ventilation holes if necessary.
  • Wiring Pass-Throughs: If needed, drill holes for wiring pass-throughs to keep the wiring neat and organized.

4. Wiring the Speaker Output Jack(s)

  • Identify Speaker Output Wires: Locate the speaker output wires on the amplifier chassis. These wires typically connect to the speaker within the combo amp cabinet.
  • Solder Wires to Output Jack(s): Solder the speaker output wires to the terminals of the speaker output jack(s). Pay close attention to polarity (positive and negative) to ensure proper speaker phasing.
  • Use Heat Shrink Tubing: Cover the soldered connections with heat shrink tubing for insulation and protection.
  • Secure Jacks to Cabinet: Mount the speaker output jack(s) securely to the head cabinet.

5. Installing the Chassis in the Head Cabinet

  • Position the Chassis: Carefully position the chassis inside the head cabinet, aligning the mounting holes.
  • Secure the Chassis: Use screws to secure the chassis to the cabinet.
  • Wiring Connections: Double-check all wiring connections to ensure they are secure and properly connected.

6. Final Checks and Testing

  • Visual Inspection: Perform a thorough visual inspection to ensure all components are properly installed and wired.
  • Continuity Testing: Use a multimeter to check for continuity between the speaker output jacks and the amplifier's output transformer. This will help ensure a proper connection.
  • Initial Power-Up: Connect the head to a speaker cabinet and power it on. Start at a low volume and gradually increase it, listening for any unusual noises or issues.
  • Play Through the Amplifier: Play your instrument through the amplifier at various volumes and settings to ensure it functions correctly.

Safety Precautions and Tips

Working with electronics can be dangerous if proper precautions are not taken. This section outlines essential safety tips to keep in mind throughout the conversion process:

Electrical Safety

  • Always Unplug the Amplifier: Never work on an amplifier while it's plugged in. This is the most important safety rule.
  • Discharge Capacitors: If you're working with a tube amplifier, discharge the capacitors before touching any internal components. Capacitors can store lethal voltages even when the amp is unplugged. If you're not comfortable with this process, seek professional assistance.
  • Use Insulated Tools: Use tools with insulated handles to minimize the risk of electric shock.
  • Work in a Dry Environment: Avoid working on electronics in damp or wet conditions.
  • Double-Check Wiring: Before powering on the amplifier, double-check all wiring connections to ensure they are correct and secure.

General Safety Tips

  • Wear Safety Glasses: Protect your eyes from debris and accidental splashes.
  • Use Insulated Gloves: Wear insulated gloves to protect your hands from electric shock.
  • Work in a Well-Lit Area: Good lighting will help you see what you're doing and prevent mistakes.
  • Take Breaks: If you're working on a complex project, take regular breaks to avoid fatigue and maintain focus.
  • Consult a Professional: If you're unsure about any aspect of the conversion process, consult a qualified technician.

Tips for a Successful Conversion

  • Plan Ahead: Before you start, plan the conversion thoroughly. Consider the size and layout of your amplifier chassis and the available space in the head cabinet.
  • Take Measurements: Accurate measurements are essential for a successful conversion. Measure the chassis dimensions, mounting hole locations, and speaker output jack placements.
  • Label Wires: Label all wires before disconnecting them to make reassembly easier.
  • Take Photos: Take photos of the wiring and component layout before disassembly. This will serve as a valuable reference during reassembly.
  • Use Quality Components: Invest in high-quality components, such as speaker output jacks and wiring, to ensure reliable performance.
  • Neat Wiring: Keep the wiring neat and organized. This will make the amplifier easier to service and maintain in the future.
  • Test Thoroughly: After the conversion is complete, test the amplifier thoroughly at various volumes and settings to ensure it functions correctly.

Conclusion

Turning a combo amp into a head is a rewarding project that offers numerous benefits, including increased portability, versatility, and customization options. By following the steps outlined in this guide and taking the necessary safety precautions, you can successfully convert your combo amp into a head and enjoy a more flexible and personalized playing experience. Remember to prioritize safety, plan ahead, and take your time to ensure a professional and reliable result. With your newly converted head, you'll be ready to explore a wide range of sonic possibilities and tailor your rig to your specific needs and preferences. Whether you're a gigging musician, a studio enthusiast, or simply a tone-conscious player, converting your combo amp to a head can be a significant step towards achieving your musical goals.