Variable Loss Scaling Fails With Anemoi-datasets Rename

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Introduction

Anemoi is a powerful tool for training machine learning models, particularly in the context of meteorological forecasting. However, like any complex system, it is not immune to bugs and issues. In this article, we will explore a specific problem that arises when using the GeneralVariableLossScaler with anemoi-datasets created using the rename function.

What Happened?

When anemoi-datasets rename has been used during dataset creation, the self.variable_metadata_extractor.get_group_and_level(variable_name) function returns the wrong name. This is a critical issue because it affects the way the GeneralVariableLossScaler functions.

To illustrate this point, let's consider an example. Suppose we have a variable named 10u that has been renamed using the rename function. When we call self.variable_metadata_extractor.get_group_and_level('10u'), we would expect it to return the original name 10u. However, due to the bug, it returns ('sfc', 'U_10M', None) instead.

What Are the Steps to Reproduce the Bug?

To reproduce this bug, follow these steps:

  1. Create an anemoi-dataset using the rename function.
  2. Train a model using the anemoi-training command with the --config-dir and --config-name options.
  3. Observe the error message that indicates the GeneralVariableLossScaler has failed.

Version

The version of anemoi-training that is affected by this bug is 0.4.0.post29.

Platform (OS and Architecture)

This bug has been observed on Linux platforms.

Relevant Log Output

The relevant log output from the error message is as follows:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/train/train.py", line 500, in main
    AnemoiTrainer(config).train()
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/train/train.py", line 487, in train
    self.model,
    ^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/users/rradev/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.12.9-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.12/functools.py", line 998, in __get__
    val = self.func(instance)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/train/train.py", line 198, in model
    model = model_task(**kwargs)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/train/forecaster/interpolator.py", line 59, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/train/fore/forecaster.py", line 104, in __init__
    self.scalers, self.delayed_scaler_builders = create_scalers(
                                                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/losses/scalers/scalers.py", line 36, in create_scalers
    scalers[name] = scaler_builder.get_scaling()
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/losses/scalers/base_scaler.py", line 81, in get_scaling
    scaler_values = self.get_scaling_values()
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/losses/scalers/variable.py", line 111, in get_scaling_values
    self.weights.get(
AssertionError: Variable 10u is not allowed to have a separate scaling besides U_10M.

Accompanying Data

Unfortunately, there is no accompanying data available for this issue.

Organisation

This bug has been reported by MeteoSwiss, a leading meteorological organization.

Conclusion

Q: What is the cause of the GeneralVariableLossScaler failure when using an anemoi-dataset created with the rename function?

A: The cause of the failure is due to a bug in the self.variable_metadata_extractor.get_group_and_level(variable_name) function, which returns the wrong name for variables that have been renamed using the rename function.

Q: What is the expected behavior of the self.variable_metadata_extractor.get_group_and_level(variable_name) function?

A: The expected behavior of the self.variable_metadata_extractor.get_group_and_level(variable_name) function is to return the original name of the variable, even if it has been renamed using the rename function.

Q: What is the impact of the bug on the GeneralVariableLossScaler?

A: The bug causes the GeneralVariableLossScaler to fail when trying to scale variables that have been renamed using the rename function. This is because the GeneralVariableLossScaler relies on the correct name of the variable to perform the scaling.

Q: How can I reproduce the bug?

A: To reproduce the bug, follow these steps:

  1. Create an anemoi-dataset using the rename function.
  2. Train a model using the anemoi-training command with the --config-dir and --config-name options.
  3. Observe the error message that indicates the GeneralVariableLossScaler has failed.

Q: What is the version of anemoi-training that is affected by this bug?

A: The version of anemoi-training that is affected by this bug is 0.4.0.post29.

Q: What is the platform (OS and architecture) that is affected by this bug?

A: The platform (OS and architecture) that is affected by this bug is Linux.

Q: What is the relevant log output from the error message?

A: The relevant log output from the error message is as follows:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/train/train.py", line 500, in main
    AnemoiTrainer(config).train()
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/train/train.py", line 487, in train
    self.model,
    ^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/users/rradev/.local/share/uv/python/cpython-3.12.9-linux-x86_64-gnu/lib/python3.12/functools.py", line 998, in __get__
    val = self.func(instance)
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/train/train.py", line 198, in model
    model = model_task(**kwargs)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/train/forecaster/interpolator.py", line 59, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/train/forecaster/forecaster.py", line 104, in __init__
    self.scalers, self.delayed_scaler_builders = create_scalers(
                                                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/losses/scalers/scalers.py", line 36, in create_scalers
    scalers[name] = scaler_builder.get_scaling()
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/losses/scalers/base_scaler.py", line 81, in get_scaling
    scaler_values = self.get_scaling_values()
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/scratch/mch/rradev/venv/interpolator/lib/python3.12/site-packages/anemoi/training/losses/scalers/variable.py", line 111, in get_scaling_values
    self.weights.get(
AssertionError: Variable 10u is not allowed to have a separate scaling besides U_10M.

Q: What is the impact of this bug on the user?

A: The impact of this bug on the user is that they may experience errors when trying to train models using the anemoi-training command. This can be frustrating and may require additional time and effort to resolve.

Q: How can I report this bug?

A: To report this bug, please submit a ticket to the anemoi-training issue tracker with the relevant details, including the version of anemoi-training, the platform (OS and architecture), and the relevant log output from the error message.